In adults, the highest number of red blood cells are formed in flat bones. Anterior and posterior surfaces are formed of compact bone to provide strength for protection with the centre consisting of cancellous (spongy) bone and varying amounts of bone marrow. The Sternum (breastbone), Cranium (skull), ilium (hip bone) Pelvis, and Ribs are also classified as flat bones. The classic example of a flat bone is the Scapula (shoulder blade). Flat Bonesįlat bones are as they sound, strong, flat plates of bone with the main function of providing protection to the body’s vital organs and being a base for muscular attachment. They consist of only a thin layer of compact, hard bone with cancellous bone on the inside along with relatively large amounts of bone marrow. Examples of short bones are the Carpals and Tarsals – the wrist and foot bones. Short bones are defined as being approximately as wide as they are long and have the primary function of providing support and stability with little movement. This protects it and aids shock absorptions. Hyaline cartilage covers the ends of the bone. The classification of a long bone includes having a body that is longer than it is wide, with growth plates (epiphysis) at either end, having a hard outer surface of a compact bone, and a spongy inner known as a cancellous bone containing bone marrow. Long bones are some of the longest bones in the body, such as the Femur, Humerus, and Tibia but are also some of the smallest including the Metacarpals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges.
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